北京海歷陽(yáng)光翻譯是一家專業(yè)醫(yī)學(xué)翻譯公司，在醫(yī)學(xué)翻譯領(lǐng)域有豐富的翻譯經(jīng)驗(yàn)。立足北京并致力于在上海、大連、廣州、等地提供醫(yī)學(xué)翻譯服務(wù)。公司整合了各地的資源，并在北京、上海、廣州等地建立了翻譯公司分部，以依托外資開發(fā)當(dāng)?shù)氐姆g市場(chǎng)。海歷陽(yáng)光翻譯公司的翻譯人員都有著優(yōu)秀的翻譯水平，公司的所有翻譯均有著深厚的行業(yè)背景和翻譯經(jīng)驗(yàn)，對(duì)所翻譯的行業(yè)有著深刻的理解，從而能夠確保翻譯項(xiàng)目的質(zhì)量。公司致力于為每位客戶提供專業(yè)快速的翻譯服務(wù)，并成為溝通世界與中國(guó)的橋梁。

臨床醫(yī)學(xué)翻譯之英漢人體解剖學(xué)基本詞匯

systematic anatomy系統(tǒng)解剖學(xué)

regional anatomy（topographic anatomy·）局部解剖學(xué)

anatomical position解剖學(xué)姿勢(shì)

superior上

inferior下

anterior前

posterior后

medial內(nèi)側(cè)

lateral外側(cè)

superficial淺

deep深

internal 內(nèi)

external外

proximal近側(cè)

distal遠(yuǎn)側(cè)

vertical axis垂直軸

sagittal axis矢狀軸

coronal axis（frontal axis）冠狀軸（額狀軸）

sagittal plane矢狀面

coronal plane（frontal plane）冠狀面（額狀面）

horizontal plane（transverse plane）水平面（橫切面）

I.Locomotor System運(yùn)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)

1.Bony System (Osteology）骨學(xué)

long bone長(zhǎng)骨

short bone短骨

flat bone扁骨

irregular bone不規(guī)則骨

sesamoid bone籽骨

compact bone（dense bone）骨密質(zhì)

cancellous bone（spongy bone）骨松質(zhì)

diploe板障

periosteum骨膜

bone marrow骨髓

(1)Bones of Trunk軀干骨

vertebrae椎骨

cervical vertebrae頸椎

thoracic vertebrae胸椎

lumbar vertebrae腰椎

sacrum骶骨

coccyx尾骨

atlas寰椎

axis樞椎

vertebra prominens隆椎

sternum胸骨

rib肋骨

costal cartilage肋軟骨

(2)Skull顱

frontal bone額骨

ethmoid bone篩骨

sphenoid bone蝶骨

parietal bone頂骨

temporal bone顳骨

occipital bone枕骨

maxilla上頜骨

zygomatic bone顴骨

palatine bone腭骨

nasal bone鼻骨

lacrimal bone淚骨

inferior nasal concha下鼻甲

vomer犁骨

mandible下頜骨

hyoid bone舌骨

(3)Bones of Upper Limb上肢骨

clavicle鎖骨

scapula肩胛骨

humerus肱骨

ulna尺骨

radius橈骨

scaphoid bone手舟骨

lunate bone月骨

triquetral bone三角骨

pisiform bone豌豆骨

trapezium bone大多角骨

trapezoid bone小多角骨

capitate bone頭狀骨

hamate bone鉤骨

metacarpal bones掌骨

phalanges指骨

(4)Bones of Lower Limb下肢骨

hip bone髖骨

ilium髂骨

ischium坐骨

pubis恥骨

femur股骨

patella髕骨

tibia脛骨

fibula腓骨

talus距骨

calcaneus跟骨

navicular bone足舟骨

medial cuneiform bone內(nèi)側(cè)楔骨

intermediate cuneiform bone中間楔骨

lateral cuneiform bone外側(cè)楔骨

cuboid bone骰骨

metartarsal bones跖骨

phalanges of toes趾骨

2.Arthrology關(guān)節(jié)學(xué)

joint（articulation）關(guān)節(jié)

ligament韌帶

flexion屈

extension伸

adduction收

abduction展

pronation旋前

supination旋后

rotation旋轉(zhuǎn)

circumduction環(huán)轉(zhuǎn)

(1)Joints of Bones of Trunk軀干骨的連結(jié)

vertebral column脊柱

intervertebral disc椎間盤

annulus fibrosus纖維環(huán)

nucleus pulposus髓核

anterior longitudinal ligament前縱韌帶

posterior longitudinal ligament后縱韌帶

cervical curve頸曲

thoracic curve胸曲

lumbar curve腰曲

sacral curve骶曲

thoracic cage胸廓

costal arch肋弓

(2)Synovial Joint of Skull顱的連結(jié)

temporomandibular joint顳下頜關(guān)節(jié)

(3)Joints of Upper Limb上肢骨連結(jié)

shoulder joint肩關(guān)節(jié)

elbow joint肘關(guān)節(jié)

wrist joint（radiocarpal joint）腕關(guān)節(jié)（橈腕關(guān)節(jié)）

(4)Joints of Lower Limb下肢骨連結(jié)

pelvis骨盆

hip joint髖關(guān)節(jié)

knee joint膝關(guān)節(jié)

medial meniscus內(nèi)側(cè)半月板

lateral meniscus外側(cè)半月板

ankle joint（talocrural joint）踝關(guān)節(jié)（距小腿關(guān)節(jié)）

arch of foot足弓

3.Myology（Muscular System）肌學(xué)

muscle肌

long muscle長(zhǎng)肌

short muscle短肌

flat muscle扁肌

orbicular muscle輪匝肌

superficial fascia（subcutaneous fascia）淺筋膜

deep fascia（proper fascia）深筋膜

(1)Muscles of Head頭肌

1)Facial Muscles面肌

Epicranius（occipitofrontalis）顱頂肌（枕額肌）

galea aponeurotica帽狀腱膜

orbicularis oculi眼輪匝肌

orbicularis oris口輪匝肌

2)Masticatory Muscles咀嚼肌

masseter咬肌

temporalis顳肌

lateral pterygoid翼外肌

medial pterygoid翼內(nèi)肌

(2)Muscles of Neck頸肌

platysma頸闊肌

sternocleidomastoid胸鎖乳突肌

scalenus anterior前斜角肌

(3)Muscles of Trunk軀干肌

1)Muscles of Back背肌

trapezius斜方肌

latissimus dorsi背闊肌

erector spinae（sacrospinalis）豎脊肌（骶棘肌）

2)Muscles of Thorax胸肌

pectoralis major胸大肌

serratus anterior前鋸肌

intercostales externi肋間外肌

intercostales interni肋間內(nèi)肌

3）Diaphragm膈

4)Muscles of Abdomen腹肌

obliquus externus abdominis腹外斜肌

obliquus internus abdominis腹內(nèi)斜肌

transversus abdominis腹橫肌

rectus abdominis腹直肌

(4)Muscles of Upper Limb上肢肌

1)Muscles of Shoulder肩肌

deltoid三角肌

2)Muscles of Arm臂肌

biceps brachii肱二頭肌

brachialis肱肌

triceps brachii肱三頭肌

3)Muscles of Forearm前臂肌

flexor pollicis longus拇長(zhǎng)屈肌

flexor digitorum superficialis指淺屈肌

flexor digitorum profundus指深屈肌

extensor pollicis longus拇長(zhǎng)伸肌

extensor digitorum指伸肌

4)Muscles of Hand手肌

(5)Muscles of Lower Limb下肢肌

1)Muscles of Hip髖肌

psoas major腰大肌

iliacus髂肌

gluteus maximus臀大肌

piriformis梨狀肌

2)Muscles of Thigh大腿肌

sartorius縫匠肌

quadriceps femoris股四頭肌

adductor longus長(zhǎng)收肌

adductor magnus大收肌

biceps femoris股二頭肌

semitendinosus半腱肌

semimembranosus半膜肌

3)Muscles of Leg小腿肌

tibialis anterior脛骨前肌

extensor digitorum longus趾長(zhǎng)伸肌

extensor hallucis longus拇長(zhǎng)伸肌

triceps surae小腿三頭肌

flexor digitorum longus趾長(zhǎng)屈肌

tibialis posterior脛骨后肌

flexor hallucis longus拇長(zhǎng)屈肌

4)Muscles of Foot足肌

II.Splanchnology內(nèi)臟學(xué)

viscera內(nèi)臟

1.Alimentary System消化系統(tǒng)

alimentary canal消化管

alimentary gland消化腺

(1)Oral Cavity口腔

oral lips口唇

philtrum人中

cheek頰

hard palate硬腭

soft palate軟腭

uvula腭垂

palatine velum腭帆

palatoglossal arch腭舌弓

palatopharyngeal arch腭咽弓

isthmus of fauces咽峽

deciduous teeth乳牙

permanent teeth恒牙

incisor切牙

canine尖牙

premolar前磨牙

molar磨牙

dentine牙質(zhì)

enamel釉質(zhì)

cement牙骨質(zhì)

dental pulp牙髓

tongue舌

parotid gland腮腺

submandibular gland下頜下腺

sublingual gland舌下腺

(2)Pharynx咽

nasopharynx鼻咽

oropharynx口咽

laryngopharynx喉咽

palatine tonsil腭扁桃體

(3)Esophagus食管

(4)Stomach胃

(5)Small Intestine小腸

duodenum十二指腸

jejunum空腸

ileum回腸

(6)Large Intestine大腸

caecum盲腸

vermiform appendix闌尾

ascending colon升結(jié)腸

transverse colon橫結(jié)腸

descending colon降結(jié)腸

sigmoid colon乙狀結(jié)腸

rectum直腸

anal canal肛管

anal column肛柱

anal valve肛瓣

anal sinus肛竇

dental line齒狀線

anal pecten肛梳

white line白線

anus肛門

sphincter ani internus肛門內(nèi)括約肌

sphincter ani externus肛門外括約肌

(7)Liver肝

porta hepatis肝門

hepatic pedicle肝蒂

gallbladder膽囊

(8)Pancreas胰

2.Respiratory System呼吸系統(tǒng)

respiratory tract呼吸道

respiratory organ呼吸器官

(1)Nose鼻

(2)Paranasal Sinus鼻旁竇

frontal sinus額竇

maxillary sinus上頜竇

ethmoidal sinus篩竇

sphenoid sinus蝶竇

(3)Larynx喉

thyroid cartilage甲狀軟骨

cricoid cartilage環(huán)狀軟骨

arytenoid cartilage杓狀軟骨

epiglottic cartilage會(huì)厭軟骨

vocal fold聲帶

cricothyroid環(huán)甲肌

(4)Trachea and Bronchi氣管和支氣管

right principal bronchus右主支氣管

left principal bronchus左主支氣管

(5)Lung肺

apex of lung肺尖

base of lung肺底

hilum of lung肺門

root of lung肺根

(6)Pleura胸膜

parietal pleura壁胸膜

viceral pleura臟胸膜

pleural cavity胸膜腔

costodiaphragmatic recess肋膈隱窩

3.Urinary System泌尿系統(tǒng)

kidney腎

renal hilum腎門

renal pedicle腎蒂

renal sinus腎竇

renal region腎區(qū)

minor renal calices腎小盞

major renal calices腎大盞

renal pelvis腎盂

ureter輸尿管

urinary bladder膀胱

urethra尿道

4.Male Genital System男性生殖系統(tǒng)

testis睪丸

epididymis附睪

ductus deferens輸精管

spermatic cord精索

ejaculatory duct射精管

seminal vesicle精囊

prostate前列腺

bulbourethral gland尿道球腺

penis陰莖

scrotum陰囊

5.Female Genital System女性生殖系統(tǒng)

ovary卵巢

uterine tube輸卵管

uterus子宮

vagina陰道

vaginal orifice陰道口

hymen處女膜

greater vestibular gland前庭大腺

vulva女陰

greater lip of pudendum大陰唇

lesser lip of pudendum小陰唇

clitoris陰

mamma乳房

mammary papilla（nipple）乳頭

6.Peritonium腹膜

peritoneal cavity腹膜腔

lesser omentum小網(wǎng)膜

greater omentum大網(wǎng)膜

mesentery腸系膜

rectovesical pouch直腸膀胱陷凹

vesicouterine pouch膀胱子宮陷凹

rectouterine pouch(Douglas’pouch)直腸子宮陷凹（道格拉斯陷窩）

III.Vascular System脈管系統(tǒng)

1.Cardiovascular System心血管系統(tǒng)

pulmonary circulation（lesser circulation）肺循環(huán)（小循環(huán)）

systemic circulation（greater circulation）體循環(huán)（大循環(huán)）

(1)Heart心

right atrium右心房

right ventricle右心室

left atrium左心房

left ventricle左心室

tricuspid valve三尖瓣

bicuspid valve二尖瓣

aortic valve主動(dòng)脈瓣

pulmonary valve肺動(dòng)脈瓣

sinoatrial node竇房結(jié)

internodal tract結(jié)間束

atrioventricular node房室結(jié)